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Flexible design of a helipad network for forest firefighting helicopters, applied to the case of Sardinia

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Hugo Torres
Abílio Pereira Pacheco
João Claro
Michele Salis
Matthew P Thompson
Crystal S. Stonesifer
Gavino Diana
Silvio Cocco

Cost-effective strategic management of aerial forest fire suppression resources involves decisions about fleet location, in order to efficiently match supply and demand. In this study, we explore the flexible design of such a system, pooling the demand of several bases into a “zone”, and analyzing alternative partitions of the territory into zones. Feasible partitions consider an upper limit on the distance between bases, and require their adjacency, within the same zone. Then, we classify the feasible partitions according to a set of six criteria and explore the non-dominated partitions. Finally, we select the preferred partition, with the support of several experts, by applying the AHP method. The considered criteria evaluate, for each partition, the (c1) mean and the (c2) value at risk of the number of unattended active fires, the (c3) helicopter idleness, and the (c4-6) Gini index for each of the previous three criteria. We apply this strategy to the island of Sardinia, where helicopters play a central role in the suppression system, and compare the results with the current design, in which each base is autonomous (i.e., each zone has only one base). Sardinia has eleven helipad operational bases, where the helicopters are allocated at the beginning of the fire season, with the objective of fighting wildfires located in each base’s coverage area. We used fire occurrence and helicopter flight data from 2006 to 2010, which revealed spatiotemporal asymmetries in the forest fire patterns, along the island, and thus the existence of effective opportunities to benefit from demand pooling. The AHP method was applied with Portuguese experts, and our results point towards an improvement in the values related to unattended fires, as well as the Gini indexes, if the proposed strategy of reorganizing the territory in larger zones (with more than one base) is applied. We explore the results of our approach, and identify efficiency gains, potential fire management implications, limitations, and opportunities for additional research. In the scope of the latter, as the optimal value for helicopter idleness is naturally achieved with the current design (partition in zones with one base), this criterion provides a key trade-off with the other five, that can be used, for instance, to examine a flexible strategy for helicopter location-allocation along the years, with annual partition redefinitions, considering all data available up to that point of decision.

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ISBN:
eISBN: 978-989-26-1650-6
DOI: 10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_158
Área: Ciências da Engenharia e Tecnologias
Páginas: 1280-1283
Data: 2018

Keywords

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https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_106

Development of multilingual network resource for comparative-contrastive dictionary of fire science terminology
Tatiana M. Sofronova;Alexandra V. Volokitina
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_107

Do we need weather prediction models to account for local weather modifications by wildland fires?
Adam Kochanski;Derek V. Mallia;Matthew G. Fearon;Tim Brown;Jan Mandel;Joseph K. Vaughan
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_108

Examination of the forest fires detection: the relationship between the fire and the detection
László Bodnár;Ágoston Restás
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_109

Factors contributing to high and low risk fires in the United States: an analysis of the relative risk assessment
Erin Noonan-Wright;Carl Seielstad
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_110

Fast computational models of dynamic fire propagation using near-field techniques
J. E. Hilton;J. J. Sharples;A. L. Sullivan;W. Swedosh
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_111

Feature selection for burned area classification in the Castelo de Paiva region
Carlos Viegas Damásio;Lourdes Bugalho;Pedro Medeiros;Susana Nascimento;Luís Duque Santos
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_112

Front’s dynamics of quasi-infinite grassland fires
Nicolas Frangieh;Gilbert Accary;Sofiane Méradji;Dominique Morvan
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_113

Generation of a global burned area product from satellite data: the ESA Fire_cci project
Emilio Chuvieco;M. Lucrecia Pettinari;Joshua Lizundia-Loiola;Ekhi Roteta;Marc Padilla Parellada;Duarte Oom;Philip Lewis;Thomas Storm;Johannes Kaiser;Florent Mouillot;Pierre Laurent;Ioanis Bistinas
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_114

Integration of the emissions and smoke dispersion models in the European Forest Fire Information System
Stéfano Arellano-Pérez;Ana Daría Ruiz-González;Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González;Jose Antonio Vega-Hidalgo;Ramón Díaz-Varela;Cecilia Alonso-Rego
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_115

Mapping fire severity levels of burned areas in Galicia (NW Spain) by Landsat images and the dNBR index: preliminary results about the influence of topographical, meteorological and fuel factors on the highest severity level
Stéfano Arellano-Pérez;Ana Daría Ruiz-González;Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González;Jose Antonio Vega-Hidalgo;Ramón Díaz-Varela;Cecilia Alonso-Rego
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_116

Mean atmospheric flow pattern and forest fire risk on the Adriatic coast of Croatia
Izidor Pelajić;Marija Mokorić;Krunoslav Mikec;Tomislav Kozarić
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_117

Non-rigid feature extraction methods in real time forest fire detection algorithms
Azarm Nowzad;Andreas Jock;Ralf Reulke
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_118

On the use of compact thermal cameras for quantitative wildfire monitoring
Mario M. Valero;Dan Jimenez;Bret Butler;Christian Mata;Oriol Rios;Elsa Pastor;Eulàlia Planas
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_119

Predictive distribution modeling of forest fire in pine zone of Uttarakhand Himalayas of India
Amit Kumar Verma;Namitha Nhandadiyil Kaliyathan;N S Bisht;Raman Nautiyal;S D Sharma
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_120

System for personnel training in decision making of wildfires fighting
Georgy Dorrer;Alexandra Dorrer;Igor Buslov;Sergey Yarovoy
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_121

The Spark Wildfire Prediction System
J. E. Hilton;A. L. Sullivan;W. Swedosh;M. G. Cruz;M. P. Plucinski;R. J. Hurley;C. Huston;M. Prakash
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_122

Tracking of uncertainty when aggregating from fine to coarse spatial resolution
J. Brennan;P. Lewis;J. Gómez-Dans;M. Chernetskiy;E. Chuvieco;J. Lizundia;M. Campagnolo;J. Pereira;D. Oom
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_123

Wildfires: web application concept and prototype
Sandra Nieves;Olga Mordvinova
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_124

Effects of law enforcement efforts on intentional wildfires
J. Prestemon;D. Butry;M. L. Chas-Amil;J. Touza4
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_125

Human perception of fire hazard in wildland urban interface areas: a Portuguese survey analysis of spot fires
Ricardo Oliveira;Sandra Oliveira;José Zêzere;Domingos Viegas
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_126

Integrating paleoecology into landscape management
Kendrick J. Brown;Mitchell J. Power;Nicholas J.R. Hebda
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_127

Modeling the productivity of forest fire suppression operations using production functions: a methodological approach
Francisco Rodríguez y Silva;Michael Hand
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_128

Residents' experiences of the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire, Alberta
Tara K McGee
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_129

Risk assessment and reflections on socio-economic perception of wildfires at the fireshed level
George Mitri;Joseph Bechara;Maya Nehme
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_130

The consideration of arson for forest fires caused by traditional uses of fire prohibited in Spain: a problem under discussion
José Mª Martínez-Navarro;Carmen Vázquez-Varela
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_131

A universal rate of spread index for Australian fuel types
Jason J. Sharples;Mona F. Z. Bahri;Steve Huntley
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_132

Assessment of wildfire exposure and vulnerability factors in Alvares, Góis: integration of structural and dynamic factors at the local scale
Sandra Oliveira;Ana Gonçalves;Akli Benali;Ana Sá;José Luís Zêzere;José Miguel Pereira
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_133

Causes of forest fires in Federal Conservation Units of Brazil from 2006 to 2012
Aline das Graças Costa;Fillipe Tamiozzo Pereira Torres;Gumercindo Souza Lima;Milton Ribas da Silva Júnior;José Cola Zanuncio
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_134

Climate-induced variations in global severe fire weather conditions
W. Matt Jolly;Patrick Freeborn
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_135

Cohesive forest fire management within an imperfect information environment: a review of risk handling and Decision Support Systems actually in use
Abílio P. Pacheco;João Claro;Paulo M. Fernandes;Richard de Neufville;Tiago M. Oliveira;José G. Borges;José Coelho Rodrigues
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_136

Extreme weather conditions: the role of an heat wave on wildfires in Portugal
Joana Parente;Mário G. Pereira;Malik Amraoui;E. M. Fischer
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_137

High Resolution Seasonal Forest Fire Danger mapping using WRF forecasts for Greece: a tool for forest fires prevention planning and fire risk management support
Vassiliki Varela;Diamando Vlachogiannis;Athanasios Sfetsos;Stelios Karozis;Nikolaos Gounaris;Angelos Sphyris
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_138

Simulating the effectiveness of prescribed burning at altering wildfire behaviour in Tasmania
J. M. Furlaud;G. J. Williamson;D. M. J. S. Bowman
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_139

The role of fire size, geometry, and intensity, in “extreme” plume development
Rachel L. Badlan;Jason J. Sharples;Jason Evans;Rick H. D. McRae
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_140

A rapid technique to quantify bark fuel hazard with smartphones
Luke Wallace;Karin Reinke;Samuel Hillman;Bryan Hally;Simon Jones
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_141

Aliens & Flames: a new research initiative joining fire behaviour and invasion ecology
Joaquim S. Silva;Ernesto Deus;Mauro Nereu;David A. Davim;Carlos G. Rossa
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_142

Bench-scale measurement of pyrolysis products from intact live fuels
Thomas H. Fletcher;Mohammad-Saeed Safdari;Elham Amini;David R. Weise
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_143

Fire in wet eucalypt forests: rethinking fuel-accumulation models for Tasmania’s most unique fuel type
J. M. Furlaud;D. M. J. S. Bowman
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_144

Fire, landscape pattern and biodiversity: using fire for conservation in a south-eastern Australian ecosystem
Alan York;Julian Di Stefano;Holly Sitters;Matthew Swan
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_145

FireCaster Decision Support System: on the need for a new fuel description approach
Y. Pérez-Ramirez;L Ferrat
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_146

Mid-term effects of thinning on canopy variables related to crown fire hazard on pure, even-aged pine stands
Stéfano Arellano Pérez;Fernando Castedo-Dorado;Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González;Jose Antonio Vega;Ana Daría Ruiz-González
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_147

Multidisciplinary fire science research at the Sycan Marsh, Oregon
Russ Parsons;Katie Sauerbrey;Nicole Vaillant;Lloyd Queen;Chris Moran;Matt Cunningham;Nancy Grulke;Craig Bienz;Bret Butler
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_148

A comparison of in-situ fire energy measurements to remote sensed thermography using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)
Daniel Jimenez;Bret Butler;Lloyd Queen;Valentijn Hoff;Joseph O’Brien;J. Kevin Heirs
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_149

Assessing fire severity using charcoal reflectance following a recent heathland wildfire on Carn Brea, Cornwall, UK
Stacey L. New;Victoria A. Hudspith;Claire M. Belcher
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_150

Carbon dioxide emission on recurrent burnt peat swamp forest in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia
Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin;Nur Haifaa’ Izwa Asari;Hazandy Abdul Hamid;Mohd Kamil Ismail
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_151

Characterization of long term retardants
Vicens Mans;Sheila Espasa
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_152

Data mining techniques in the assessment of usability and effectiveness of forest fire video surveillance
Ljiljana Šerić;Danijela Mikuličić;Maja Braović
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_153

Drivers of wildland fire behaviour variation across the Earth
Paulo M. Fernandes;Ângelo Sil;Davide Ascoli;Miguel G. Cruz;Martin E. Alexander;Carlos G. Rossa;Jaime Baeza;Neil Burrows;G. Matt Davies;Alessandra Fidelis;James S. Gould;Navashni Govender;Musa Kilinc;Lachlan McCaw
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_154

Effect of moisture content and ventilation on the burning rate of porous fuel beds
Sara McAllister
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_155

Evaluating ecological tipping points across levels of wildfire suppression under various climate and fuel treatment scenarios on US northern Rocky Mountain landscapes using landscape simulation
Robert E. Keane;Kathy Gray;Brett Davis;Lisa Holsinger
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_156

Field-tested laboratory-derived models to predict forest fire front spread rate
Carlos G. Rossa;Paulo M. Fernandes
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-16-506_157